In the high-stakes world of critical care, medical professionals are frequently called upon to perform life-saving procedures under intense pressure. Among these, airway intubation stands out as one of the most critical and technically demanding tasks. This procedure, which involves inserting a tube into a patient’s airway to ensure that they can breathe, is often performed in emergency situations where seconds count. The ability to intubate swiftly and accurately can mean the difference between life and death. However, this task is also fraught with stress, particularly for trainees who are still developing their skills. To better understand how these trainees cope with the stress of intubation, Dr Neil Cunningham of the University of Melbourne and colleagues conducted a groundbreaking study comparing physiological stress responses in simulated and clinical environments. Their findings offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of simulation-based training, which has become a cornerstone of medical education.

The development of pressure injuries in hospital patients is a regular occurrence, and certain areas of the body are more susceptible. Although there is abundant research on pressure injuries in adult patients, studies relating to infant and child patients are lacking. Dr. Ivy Razmus at the University of Detroit Mercy has conducted extensive research on the prevention of pressure injuries in patients under the age of 12 years. She highlights the crucial role of advanced practice nurses in managing this widespread problem.

Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited and progressive neurological disorder which is currently fatal. Dr James E. Goldman and Dr Osama Al-Dalahmah, both at Columbia University, USA, are utilising new techniques in molecular biology to better understand the brain pathology associated with HD. Their vision is to develop therapeutics that can slow the progression of the disease, and ultimately, treat and even prevent it.

Antimicrobial resistance (or AMR for short) is a pressing global health challenge that poses significant risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The extensive research conducted by Saffiatou Darboe of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, The Gambia, and her colleagues, has been pivotal in understanding and addressing this issue within The Gambia and other regions in sub-Saharan Africa. This episode delves into four comprehensive studies conducted by Darboe and colleagues, shedding light on the impact of AMR, the importance of antibiograms, and specific outbreaks of resistant pathogens.

As cannabis prohibition begins to unravel across the world, cannabis use has become more common and normalised. Researchers are assessing the impact of this on vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women. Strikingly, cannabis is among the most commonly used substances during pregnancy, raising serious concerns about its effects on unborn children and the long-term consequences this could have. Prof. Miranda Reed of Auburn University, and colleagues, have assessed how cannabis exposure in the womb can affect brain development and cognitive abilities, such as memory.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum, leading to symptoms such as severe bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. For many patients, the disease can become acute, with symptoms worsening rapidly and requiring hospitalization. In these cases, corticosteroids—powerful anti-inflammatory drugs—are often the first line of treatment. However, the effectiveness of corticosteroids varies significantly among patients, and a considerable number do not respond to this treatment, putting them at risk of severe complications, including the need for surgery.

Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, stands as one of the most lethal cancers. Despite being only the ninth most common cancer in the United States, it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This discrepancy is due to its aggressive nature and the challenge of early diagnosis. By the time symptoms become apparent, the disease is often at an advanced stage, making it difficult to treat effectively. With a five-year survival rate of just 9% for late-stage diagnoses, researchers such as Prof. Ian Rabinowitz and his team at the University of New Mexico are determined to uncover the mysteries behind this formidable disease.

Phase 3 clinical trials are the most expensive part of drug development, and the most important hurdle to regulatory approval. More than 95% of phase 3 trials in Alzheimer’s disease fail. The main reason is a poor foundation, namely, inadequate or misleading phase 2 trials. Dr. Donald Berry, Founder of Berry Consultants and Founder and Professor of the Department of Biostatistics at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, along with his son Dr. Scott Berry, President of Berry Consultants, are committed to turning the tide. Their revolutionary methodology involves adaptive clinical trial design within a Bayesian statistical approach.

Childbirth is a remarkable event that brings joy and new beginnings but also poses significant physical challenges to the mother’s body. One such challenge is the separation of the pubic symphysis, a joint located between the left and right pubic bones. Dr. Kamalini Das of Regions Hospital, Minnesota, and her colleagues conducted a groundbreaking study to investigate pubic symphysis separation in women who delivered vaginally versus those who had cesarean sections. Their research provides important insights into the nature of this physiological change and its development postpartum.